New-Build Gardens | New-Build Garden Design & Landscaping | Kirman Design
New-build garden design and landscaping across North West England. Create privacy, mature planting, better drainage and complete outdoor living spaces.
New-Build Gardens
New-build gardens often look deceptively simple.
You may start with:
A lawn
Basic fencing
A small patio
Little planting
Very little privacy.
But beneath that apparently blank space there can be significant issues with:
Soil quality
Drainage
Compaction
Levels
Access
Overlooking.
The opportunity is substantial because there is often very little worth retaining.
That means the garden can be planned properly from the beginning.
Kirman Design designs and landscapes new-build gardens throughout North West England, creating bespoke outdoor spaces that work with the architecture of the house while solving the practical problems frequently associated with newly constructed properties.
What Makes a New-Build Garden Different?
A new-build garden is not simply an empty garden waiting for planting.
It may have been shaped primarily around the construction of the house rather than long-term garden performance.
Common issues can include:
Compacted ground
Poor-quality topsoil
Rubble beneath the surface
Waterlogging
Awkward levels
Close neighbouring properties
Standard boundary fencing
Minimal planting.
Our Garden Design for New Build Homes page explores the design considerations around new-build properties in greater detail.
Start With a Complete Garden Plan
One of the biggest advantages of a new-build garden is the opportunity to establish the whole layout before major features are added.
Think about:
Main terrace
Paths
Lawn
Planting
Trees
Privacy
Outdoor dining
Lighting
Drainage.
This avoids gradually adding unrelated features over several years.
Design From the House Outwards
The house should be the starting point.
Consider:
Door positions
Window views
Architectural lines
Internal floor layout
Orientation
Main entertaining spaces.
The garden should feel like an extension of the home rather than a separate area beyond the back doors.
Garden Design Around Bifold Doors
Many new-build homes use large areas of glazing.
Our Garden Design Around Bifold Doors page explores how:
Patio
Levels
Planting
Views
can respond to bifold doors.
The garden may be visible from inside throughout the year, so the composition matters even when nobody is outside.
Garden Design Around Sliding Doors
Our Garden Design Around Sliding Doors page explores how external spaces can work with large sliding openings.
Wide glazing can create a particularly strong visual axis into the garden.
Seamless House-to-Garden Design
Our Seamless Transition House to Garden page explores how:
Materials
Thresholds
Levels
Views
can strengthen the connection between inside and outside.
This can be especially effective with modern new-build architecture.
Level Access
New properties often provide an opportunity to create better level or near-level access.
Our Level Access from House to Garden page explores how:
Thresholds
Paving
Drainage
can be coordinated.
Do not simply raise paving to meet the doors without understanding water management.
Understand the Garden Levels
New-build plots can contain surprisingly awkward level changes.
This may result from:
House construction
Neighbouring plots
Site grading.
Our Garden Levelling page explores how levels can be adjusted selectively.
The aim is usually not to flatten everything.
New-Build Garden Drainage
Drainage is one of the most common practical concerns in new-build gardens.
Our Garden Drainage page explores the causes of:
Waterlogging
Standing water
Saturated lawns.
A new house does not guarantee that the surrounding garden soil has good drainage.
Compacted New-Build Soil
Construction machinery can compact the ground heavily.
This can reduce:
Air within the soil
Root development
Water movement.
Simply adding fresh turf may hide the problem temporarily rather than solve it.
Garden Drainage Installation
Where drainage is genuinely required, our Garden Drainage Installation page explores how drainage can be integrated with:
Groundworks
Levels
Paving
Planting.
The solution should respond to the actual site rather than installing drains randomly.
Clay Soil in New-Build Gardens
Many new-build gardens across North West England sit on heavier clay ground.
Our Clay Soil Gardens page explores how clay affects:
Drainage
Lawns
Planting
Construction.
Clay combined with construction compaction can create particularly difficult conditions.
Do Not Assume New Topsoil Means Good Soil
A thin layer of imported topsoil may sit above:
Compacted clay
Subsoil
Rubble.
If the underlying ground is poor, simply adding more topsoil may not solve deeper problems.
Garden Groundworks
Our Garden Groundworks page explores the work beneath the finished garden.
This may include:
Excavation
Soil preparation
Drainage
Formation.
In new-build gardens, groundworks can be just as important as the visible landscaping.
Garden Excavation
Sometimes substantial preparation is required before the new garden can be built.
Our Garden Excavation and Preparation page explores this stage.
Excavation may reveal:
Rubble
Concrete
Construction debris
Compacted subsoil.
New-Build Garden Privacy
New developments are often built relatively close together.
This can create:
Upper-storey overlooking
Direct views between patios
Exposed rear gardens.
Our Garden Privacy page explores professional privacy design.
Garden Privacy Ideas
For wider inspiration, our Garden Privacy Ideas page explores how:
Trees
Hedging
Pergolas
Screens
can make a garden more private.
Privacy should ideally be built into the layout from the beginning.
Garden Screening Ideas
Our Garden Screening Ideas page explores the wider use of:
Trees
Screens
Planting
Pergolas.
In a new-build garden, screening can also help soften standard fencing.
Screening an Overlooking Window
If one neighbouring window causes most of the problem, target that sightline.
Our How to Screen an Overlooking Window page explores more focused solutions.
This can preserve more:
Light
Space
than screening every boundary heavily.
Screening a Neighbour's Extension
Even within newer developments, later extensions can increase overlooking.
Our How to Screen a Neighbour's Extension page explores how:
Trees
Planting
Structures
can reduce visual impact.
Hiding New-Build Fencing
Standard fencing can dominate a newly completed garden.
Our How to Hide an Ugly Fence page explores how:
Climbers
Shrubs
Trees
Secondary screens
can soften boundaries.
Trees in New-Build Gardens
Trees are one of the most effective ways to make a new garden feel established.
They can provide:
Scale
Privacy
Shade
Seasonal interest.
A house may be completely new, but the garden does not have to feel immature for years.
Plant Trees Early
Trees take time to establish.
If the final design includes important trees, it often makes sense to plant them early in the project.
They can begin developing while the rest of the garden matures around them.
Specimen Trees
Larger specimen trees can provide more immediate impact.
They may be especially valuable where:
Privacy is important
Architecture needs landscape scale
There is little existing structure.
Multi-Stem Trees
Multi-stem trees can soften the hard lines of newer architecture.
They work especially well around:
Patios
Seating
Garden rooms.
Pleached Trees
Pleached trees can provide structured privacy in narrower gardens.
They can be particularly effective above:
Fencing
Walls.
They should still be selected according to:
Space
Light
Maintenance.
Planting a New-Build Garden
Planting is what stops a new-build garden feeling like an extension of the housing development.
Our Garden Planting Ideas page explores how:
Trees
Shrubs
Grasses
Perennials
can create a mature landscape.
Do Not Plant Only Around the Edges
A common new-build approach is:
Lawn in the middle
Narrow border around the fence.
This can make the garden feel:
Smaller
Flat
Predictable.
Bring planting into the garden.
Use Deeper Borders
Where space allows, deeper planting creates:
Greater privacy
More depth
Stronger structure.
It also reduces the visual dominance of boundary fencing.
Use Plants in Larger Groups
Avoid planting one of everything.
Larger repeated groups can create a more coherent garden and stronger visual impact.
Evergreen Structure
Some evergreen planting can provide year-round interest.
But do not automatically surround the garden with dense evergreen screening.
Balance:
Privacy
Winter structure
Light.
Seasonal Interest
A new-build garden should look attractive throughout the year.
Use a combination of:
Spring growth
Summer flowering
Autumn colour
Winter structure.
New-Build Lawns
Lawns can work perfectly well in new gardens.
But they need a suitable foundation.
Poorly prepared lawns may become:
Waterlogged
Muddy
Uneven.
Do Not Simply Replace Poor Turf
If the original lawn has failed because of:
Drainage
Compaction
Poor soil
new turf alone may fail again.
The underlying problem needs attention first.
Should a New-Build Garden Have a Lawn?
Not automatically.
Consider:
Children
Dogs
Maintenance
Garden size
Light.
Our Low Maintenance Garden Without a Lawn page explores alternative layouts.
New-Build Patios
The original patio supplied with a new property may be:
Small
Poorly positioned
Inadequate for furniture.
Our Garden Patio Ideas page explores how a patio should relate to:
House
Furniture
Circulation.
Do not simply make the existing rectangle larger without reconsidering the whole layout.
Patio Outside Bifold Doors
Our Patio Design Outside Bifold Doors page explores how the external terrace can respond to large glazed openings.
This can help create a stronger indoor-outdoor relationship.
Paving Materials
A new-build garden can work with:
Porcelain
Natural stone
Brick
Concrete.
The material should complement:
House architecture
Colour palette
Wider garden style.
Avoid Too Many Materials
New-build gardens can quickly become visually busy when they include:
Several paving types
Multiple screens
Different wall finishes
Decorative gravel.
A restrained palette usually creates a stronger result.
Garden Paths
Paths should connect actual destinations.
Our Garden Path Ideas page explores:
Route
Material
Width.
Do not add paths simply to fill empty space.
New-Build Outdoor Dining
Outdoor dining should be designed around:
Table
Chairs
Circulation
Access to house.
Our Garden Design for Outdoor Dining page explores this relationship.
New-Build Outdoor Living
Our Outdoor Living Garden Design page explores how:
Seating
Dining
Cooking
Shelter
can be combined.
This is particularly relevant to newer houses designed around open-plan living.
Outdoor Kitchens
An outdoor kitchen can become a major feature.
Our Garden Design Around an Outdoor Kitchen page explores:
Position
Dining
Services
Landscape integration.
The garden should still work even when the kitchen is not being used.
Pergolas
Pergolas can add architectural structure to a garden that otherwise lacks mature features.
Our Pergola Ideas page explores how they can provide:
Shade
Structure
Outdoor rooms.
Pergolas for Privacy
Pergolas can also help reduce upper-level overlooking.
Our Pergolas for Privacy page explores how side and overhead screening can be incorporated.
Fire Pits
A fire-pit area can create a secondary destination.
Our Garden Design Around a Fire Pit page explores how:
Seating
Fire
Planting
can work together.
Hot Tubs
New-build gardens can sometimes feel exposed around hot tubs.
Our Garden Design Around a Hot Tub page explores how:
Privacy
Screening
Access
can be integrated.
Water Features
Water can add:
Movement
Reflection
Sound.
Our Garden Water Feature Ideas page explores different approaches.
A well-positioned water feature can also create a strong focal point from inside the house.
Garden Lighting
Lighting can make a new-build garden feel mature much sooner.
Our Garden Lighting Ideas page explores how to highlight:
Trees
Planting
Paths
Structures.
Electrical infrastructure should ideally be installed before the main landscaping is finished.
Evening Entertaining
Many new-build homes are designed around contemporary open-plan living.
Our Garden Design for Evening Entertaining page explores how lighting, seating and landscape structure can extend the use of the garden.
North-Facing New-Build Gardens
Some new-build plots have difficult orientations.
Our North-Facing Gardens page explores how:
Shade
Seating
Planting
Drainage
can be managed.
Do not fix the terrace location before understanding where sunlight actually falls.
Small New-Build Gardens
Many developments contain relatively compact gardens.
Our Small Garden Design page explores how to make limited space work harder.
The key is often to avoid:
Too many features
Oversized furniture
Excessive screening.
Medium-Sized New-Build Gardens
Our Medium Sized Garden Design page explores how:
Outdoor living
Lawn
Planting
can coexist within a moderate plot.
Large New-Build Gardens
Some newer detached properties sit within substantial gardens.
Our Large Gardens page explores how larger plots can be masterplanned.
The garden still needs hierarchy rather than simply more:
Lawn
Paving.
Long Narrow New-Build Gardens
Some developments create deep but relatively narrow plots.
Our Long Narrow Garden Design page explores how:
Garden rooms
Planting
Destinations
can break up the long view.
Wide New-Build Gardens
Our Wide Garden Design page explores how wide plots can be divided into different functions.
This can help prevent the house and terrace from sitting awkwardly in the centre of a large open rectangle.
Sloping New-Build Gardens
Some new developments use significant changes in ground level.
Our Sloping Garden Ideas page explores how slopes can be integrated.
Steep New-Build Gardens
Our Landscaping a Steep Garden page explores more complex sites requiring:
Terracing
Retaining
Steps
Drainage.
Retaining Walls
New-build gardens may include:
Developer retaining walls
Embankments
Level differences between plots.
Our Garden Retaining Walls page explores how retaining can be incorporated into the finished garden.
Garden Terracing
Our Garden Terracing page explores how several usable levels can be created.
Terraces should feel intentional rather than simply correcting awkward ground.
Garden Steps
Our Garden Steps page explores how steps can become part of the design.
Good steps can help create stronger transitions between garden levels.
Family New-Build Gardens
New-build homes are often purchased by families who need the garden to accommodate:
Play
Lawn
Dining
Storage.
Our Family Garden Design page explores how these uses can be integrated.
Trampolines
A trampoline can quickly dominate a relatively open new-build garden.
Our Garden Design with a Trampoline page explores how it can be integrated into the overall layout.
Hiding a Trampoline
Our How to Hide a Trampoline in a Garden page explores how:
Planting
Trees
Position
can reduce its visual impact.
Sunken Trampolines
If a sunken trampoline is being considered, drainage should be planned early.
Our Sunken Trampoline Ideas page explores the additional:
Excavation
Groundworks
Drainage
involved.
Dog-Friendly New-Build Gardens
Dogs can expose weaknesses in:
Poor lawns
Muddy ground
Weak boundaries.
Our Dog-Friendly Garden Design page explores:
Robust paths
Planting
Drainage
Secure boundaries.
Dog-Friendly Plants
Our Dog-Friendly Garden Plants page explores how planting can be arranged more successfully around:
Dog routes
High-traffic areas.
Accessible New-Build Gardens
A new property can provide a strong opportunity to design accessibility from the beginning.
Our Accessible Garden Design page explores:
Paths
Levels
Seating
Planting.
Wheelchair Accessible Gardens
Our Wheelchair Accessible Garden Design page explores the needs of wheelchair users in more detail.
Building accessibility into the new garden is generally easier than retrofitting it later.
Accessible Paving
Our Accessible Garden Paving page explores stable and practical surfaces.
Correct drainage should be considered alongside accessibility.
Low Maintenance New-Build Gardens
Many homeowners want a garden that does not immediately become another major maintenance commitment.
Our Low Maintenance Garden Design page explores how:
Mature plant size
Groundcover
Simple lawns
Good construction
can reduce ongoing work.
Do Not Equate Low Maintenance With No Plants
Paving most of a new garden can make it feel:
Hard
Hot
Visually empty.
Well-designed planting can actually reduce maintenance compared with complicated:
Lawns
Edges
Small borders.
Low Maintenance Without a Lawn
Our Low Maintenance Garden Without a Lawn page explores alternatives for homeowners who do not want regular mowing.
Contemporary New-Build Gardens
Contemporary garden design can work particularly well with new architecture.
Our Contemporary Garden Ideas page explores:
Strong geometry
Restrained materials
Structured planting.
Modern New-Build Gardens
Our Modern Garden Ideas page explores clean modern landscapes.
Modern should not mean:
Empty
Sterile
Almost entirely paved.
Planting remains fundamental.
Garden Design for Contemporary Houses
Our Garden Design for Contemporary Houses page explores how landscape design can respond directly to contemporary architecture.
Garden Design for Modern Homes
Our Garden Design for Modern Homes page explores how:
Glazing
Outdoor living
Planting
Materials
can be integrated around modern houses.
New Builds After Moving In
You do not necessarily need to landscape the garden immediately after moving in.
There can be value in observing:
Sunlight
Privacy
Waterlogging
How you use the house.
But avoid investing heavily in temporary features if the garden will eventually be redesigned.
Live With the Garden Before Making Major Decisions
A season of observation can reveal:
Where evening sun falls
Which windows overlook
Where water gathers
Which views matter.
This can help improve the final brief.
New-Build Garden Storage
Storage is often forgotten.
Plan for:
Bins
Bikes
Tools
Cushions
Children's equipment.
Screens and planting can help integrate storage without making it visually dominant.
Bin Screening
Bins may be especially visible in smaller new-build plots.
Screen them using:
Planting
Slatted screens
Dedicated structures.
Maintain easy practical access.
Front Gardens
The front garden of a new property often receives less design attention than the rear.
But it affects:
First impressions
Parking
Entrance experience.
Planting can soften:
Driveways
Hard surfaces
Architecture.
New-Build Garden Budget
A blank garden can still require substantial investment.
Our How to Set a Budget for Garden Landscaping page explores how to account for:
Groundworks
Drainage
Paving
Planting
Features.
Do not assume a small amount of existing landscaping means the project will be inexpensive.
Prioritise the Hidden Work
Where necessary, invest first in:
Drainage
Levels
Ground preparation
Services.
These are difficult to correct later.
Decorative features can be added more easily.
Garden Design Cost
Our How Much Does Garden Design Cost? page explores the factors affecting professional design fees.
Landscaping Costs
Our How Much Does Landscaping Cost? page explores the wider factors influencing landscape construction cost.
Phasing a New-Build Garden
A new garden can be built in phases.
But it is usually better to design the whole garden first.
For example:
Phase One
Drainage, levels and main patio.
Phase Two
Planting, trees and secondary areas.
Phase Three
Additional features such as:
Pergola
Fire pit
Outdoor kitchen.
Install Infrastructure Early
If future features may require:
Electricity
Water
Gas
Lighting
consider installing the appropriate routes during the initial groundworks.
This can avoid reopening finished surfaces later.
Do I Need a Garden Designer?
A new-build garden can benefit substantially from professional design because there is often little existing structure to work with.
Our Do I Need a Garden Designer? page explores when professional input can help.
What Does a Garden Designer Do?
Our What Does a Garden Designer Do? page explores the role of professional garden design.
For a new-build garden this can include:
Layout
Levels
Planting
Privacy
Construction coordination.
Choosing a Garden Designer
A good designer should consider:
Architecture
Orientation
Soil
Drainage
Privacy
Lifestyle.
Our How to Choose a Garden Designer page explores what to look for.
Questions to Ask a Garden Designer
Useful questions include:
How can we improve privacy?
Does the garden need drainage?
What should we retain?
Where should trees go?
Can the garden be phased?
Our Questions to Ask a Garden Designer page provides a wider checklist.
Preparing for a Garden Design Consultation
Before meeting your designer, consider:
What you dislike about the existing garden
How you want to use it
Privacy
Maintenance
Budget.
Our How to Prepare for a Garden Design Consultation page provides a fuller guide.
What Happens at a Garden Design Consultation?
Our What Happens at a Garden Design Consultation? page explains how:
Site
Lifestyle
Budget
Priorities
are considered.
What Information Does a Garden Designer Need?
Useful information for a new-build garden may include:
Developer plans
Drainage information
Property boundaries
Existing levels
Utility positions
Garden orientation.
Our What Information Does a Garden Designer Need? page explores the wider brief.
Do I Need Drawings for a New-Build Garden?
Detailed drawings can help coordinate:
Paving
Levels
Drainage
Walls
Lighting
Planting.
Our Do I Need Drawings for My Garden? page explores their role.
Professional Landscaping
A completely new landscape relies heavily on construction quality.
Our Professional Landscaping page explores why:
Ground preparation
Drainage
Foundations
matter.
Landscape Construction
Our Landscape Construction page explores how:
Groundworks
Paving
Walls
Structures
Planting
can be coordinated through the build.
Choosing a Landscaping Company
A new-build garden may require considerably more technical work than its simple appearance suggests.
Our How to Choose a Landscaping Company page explores what to consider before appointing a contractor.
Questions to Ask a Landscaper
Our Questions to Ask a Landscaper page provides a wider checklist.
For new-build gardens, useful questions include:
How will the soil be prepared?
How will drainage be dealt with?
What excavation is included?
How will levels be established?
Warning Signs When Choosing a Landscaper
Be cautious where proposals ignore:
Existing drainage
Poor soil
Ground compaction.
Our Warning Signs When Choosing a Landscaper page explores broader contractor concerns.
Complete Garden Design and Build
New-build gardens are particularly well suited to an integrated design-and-build approach.
Our Complete Garden Design and Build page explores how:
Design
Technical development
Landscaping
Planting
can be coordinated from the beginning.
New-Build Gardens in North West England
New-build developments across North West England vary considerably.
But recurring garden challenges include:
Clay soil
Waterlogging
Close neighbouring properties
Limited planting
Standard fencing.
A successful design should respond to the individual site rather than simply applying a standard contemporary garden layout.
New-Build Gardens in Lancashire
Lancashire new-build gardens may combine:
Clay soil
Rainfall
Sloping development sites.
Drainage and soil preparation can be especially important.
New-Build Gardens in Cheshire
Larger Cheshire new-build properties may offer space for:
Outdoor kitchens
Pergolas
Specimen trees
Larger terraces.
The challenge is often establishing mature landscape structure around new architecture.
New-Build Gardens in Greater Manchester
Developments across Greater Manchester may have relatively close neighbouring properties.
Privacy can therefore be a major design priority.
Trees and targeted screening can create a much stronger sense of enclosure.
New-Build Gardens in Merseyside
More exposed locations may require:
Robust planting
Appropriate tree selection
Sheltered seating.
New-Build Gardens in the Ribble Valley
Newer properties in the Ribble Valley may sit within more rural surroundings.
The garden can use:
Trees
Hedging
Naturalistic planting
to create a stronger connection with the wider landscape.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are new-build gardens often waterlogged?
Construction compaction, clay soil, altered levels and limited drainage can all contribute.
Should I landscape my new-build garden straight away?
You can, although observing sunlight, drainage and overlooking for a period can help refine the design.
Do new-build gardens need professional design?
They can benefit significantly because there is often little existing structure and several practical issues need to be coordinated.
How can I make a new-build garden more private?
Use targeted combinations of trees, hedging, screens and pergolas rather than simply increasing every boundary.
What trees are good for new-build gardens?
The right trees depend on soil, garden size, privacy requirements and mature dimensions.
Can I plant mature trees in a new-build garden?
Yes, where access and ground conditions allow. Larger trees can provide more immediate scale and privacy.
Should I replace the lawn supplied by the developer?
Not automatically. First identify whether any problems are caused by turf quality, soil preparation, compaction or drainage.
Why does my new-build lawn become muddy?
Poor drainage, clay, compaction and heavy use can all contribute.
Can I have a patio outside bifold doors?
Yes. Levels, thresholds and drainage need to be coordinated carefully.
Can a new-build garden be low maintenance?
Yes. Use appropriate planting, simple lawn shapes, good construction and carefully selected materials.
Should I keep the standard fencing?
If it is structurally sound, it may be retained and softened with planting or secondary screening.
How do I hide the fence in a new-build garden?
Use trees, climbers and deeper planting. See How to Hide an Ugly Fence.
Can I have an outdoor kitchen?
Yes. It should be integrated into the wider outdoor living area rather than added as an isolated feature.
Can I have a pergola?
Yes. Pergolas can provide structure, shade and privacy.
Can I have a sunken trampoline?
Yes, but excavation and drainage should be carefully planned. See Sunken Trampoline Ideas.
Can a new-build garden be landscaped in phases?
Yes, but ideally design the entire garden first so each phase works towards the same final layout.
Should lighting be installed during the landscaping?
It is generally sensible to coordinate electrical infrastructure during the main construction rather than disturbing finished surfaces later.
How much does it cost to landscape a new-build garden?
It depends on size, access, ground conditions, drainage, materials, planting and features. Our How Much Does Landscaping Cost? page explores these factors further.
Does Kirman Design design new-build gardens?
Yes. Kirman Design designs and landscapes new-build gardens throughout North West England, from compact modern plots to substantial detached properties.
Can Kirman Design design and build the whole garden?
Yes. We can coordinate the garden from initial design through landscape construction and planting.
A New-Build Garden Is a Blank Canvas — But Not Necessarily a Blank Site
The greatest opportunity with a new-build garden is that there may be very little existing landscape dictating what has to happen.
But that does not mean the site should be treated as empty.
Before designing, ask:
Where does the sun fall?
Where are we overlooked?
Is the soil compacted?
Why is the lawn wet?
What do we see from inside the house?
Where should the main terrace actually be?
Which trees should be planted now?
How much lawn do we really need?
What infrastructure might we need later?
And what will make the garden feel established rather than newly installed?
The strongest new-build gardens balance:
new architecture + mature landscape
privacy + openness
hard landscaping + planting
drainage + usable space
immediate impact + long-term growth
contemporary living + genuine garden character.
The goal is not simply to replace the developer's:
Lawn
Patio
Fence
with more expensive versions.
It is to create a garden that feels as though it was considered as carefully as the house itself.
If you have a new-build property in Lancashire, Cheshire, Greater Manchester, Merseyside, the Ribble Valley or elsewhere in North West England, contact Kirman Design to discuss a bespoke new-build garden design, landscape construction and planting project.
